Gas tungsten arc welding fundamentals: Understanding GTAW
WEBFeb 19, 2001 — 2. Thoriated tungstenis the most common type of tungsten electrode for use on carbon and stainless steel.It can be purchased with 1 or 2 percent thorium. The thoriated tungsten starts readily and maintains a stable arc. It has a greater resistance to contamination and will maintain a sharp point and will not break down as readily as pure …
Bending Basics: The fundamentals of how to bend metal
WEBJan 2, 2014 — Bending and Forming. Figure 1: A plate’s grains run parallel to the rolling direction. While sheet metal gauges run from 0.005 to 0.249 inch thick, aluminum and steel plate thicknesses start at 0.250 in. and go all the way up to 13 in. or even more. Likewise, plate steel varies in strengths from mild varieties to some very high-strength ...
Tube bending basics: How to bend tubing and metal pipe - The …
WEBFeb 24, 2014 — Specialty tube bending processes abound, some old and some new. Most tubes, though, are bent one of four ways: ram-type bending, roll bending, compression bending, or rotary draw bendin g. Figure 1. Pipe is specified by its nominal pipe size, while tube is specified by its outside diameter.
Welding fumes, their health risks and hazards - The Fabricator
WEBMar 11, 2004 — Short-term Effects of Inhaling Welding Fumes". Among the short-term effects is metal fume fever, symptoms of which occur four to 12 hours after exposure and include chills, thirst, fever, muscle ache, chest soreness, coughing, wheezing, fatigue, nausea, and a metallic taste. Welding smoke also can irritate the eyes, nose, chest, and respiratory ...
6 steps to successful brazing - The Fabricator
WEBMar 7, 2006 — Step 1: Ensure good fit and proper clearances. Brazing uses capillary action to distribute molten filler metal between the surfaces of the base metals. So when you're brazing, maintain a clearance between the base metals to allow capillary action to work most effectively. In almost all cases, this means a close clearance.
Die basics 101 starts with eight basic components - The Fabricator
WEBAug 8, 2006 — A stamping die is a special, one-of-a-kind precision tool that cuts and forms sheet metal into a desired shape or profile. Most dies are constructed of several basic components, including die plates, shoes, die sets, guide pins, bushings, heel blocks, heel plates, screws, dowels, and keys. Dies also need stripper, pressure, and drawing pads, …
Sheet metal bending calculation basics - The Fabricator
WEBNov 9, 2012 — Sheet Metal Bending Calculation. Bend Allowance (BA) BA = [ (0.017453 × Inside radius) + (0.0078 × Material thickness)] × Bend angle, which is always complementary. The length of the neutral axis is calculated as a bend allowance, taken at 50 percent of the material thickness.
Die Basics 101: Forming operations - The Fabricator
WEBJun 14, 2005 — Bending and Forming. Figure 1. Embossing. All forming operations deform sheet material by exposing it to tension, compression, or both. Most part defects, such as splits and wrinkles, occur in forming operations. Successful sheet metal forming relies heavily on the metal's mechanical properties. The metal being formed must have the …
The formula for successful punching - The Fabricator
WEBAug 8, 2006 — The Stripper. The stripper performs two vital functions during the punching process. The most obvious is to hold the workpiece material against the die as the punch approaches, penetrates, and retracts. The second and less obvious function is to hold the punch tip rigid as it punches the hole in the workpiece. The Die.
Die Science: Stamping 101 - Die basics - The Fabricator
WEBJan 15, 2008 — A stamping die is a special, one-of-a-kind precision tool that cuts and forms sheet metal into a desired shape or profile as the sheet metal is pressed, or stamped, between two mating components (see Figure 1). A die gets the force it needs from a press. The part produced by stamping the sheet metal between the dies in the press is called …